How to alleviate arrhythmia

Written by Wang Li Bing

Intensive Care Medicine Department

Updated on September 05, 2024

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Arrhythmia is very common in clinical settings, and its treatment mainly includes etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment. If a patient experiences occasional premature beats without significant hemodynamic effects, special treatment may not be necessary at this time. However, if a patient repeatedly experiences supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias, cardiac electrophysiological examination and dynamic heart rate monitoring should be conducted. Antiarrhythmic drugs or even radiofrequency ablation may be administered for symptomatic treatment, as uncontrolled arrhythmias can easily lead to sudden death in patients.

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Can arrhythmia be cured?

There are many types of arrhythmia, some of which, like sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, occasional premature atrial contractions, premature ventricular contractions, and premature junctional contractions, can also occur in healthy individuals and usually do not require treatment. Another category requires treatment, such as supraventricular tachycardia, including atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, which can be cured by radiofrequency ablation. Additionally, conditions like atrial fibrillation can be treated with radiofrequency ablation; many patients may be cured, but some may not respond to this treatment and require medication instead. There are also patients with intrinsic structural heart disease presenting various arrhythmias that can only be managed with medication, not cured.

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Can arrhythmia be cured?

Arrhythmias come in many types, most of which are curable. Once arrhythmia occurs clinically, an electrocardiogram should be performed as soon as possible to determine the type of arrhythmia. Common arrhythmias can be classified into tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias, and based on the location of occurrence, into supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias. Clinically common are supraventricular arrhythmias, such as sinus tachycardia, junctional tachycardia, along with atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter. These generally do not affect the stability of hemodynamics and are relatively easy to treat. On the other hand, ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and sinus arrest are clinically challenging to cure and require aggressive resuscitation.

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Causes of arrhythmia

Arrhythmia is a common and frequently occurring disease in clinical practice, primarily caused by various organic heart diseases. Common heart diseases include coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, severe myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy, all of which can lead to arrhythmias that are generally severe. Arrhythmias can also occur in some healthy individuals due to instability of the autonomic nervous system. This type of arrhythmia can be clinically cured through lifestyle adjustments, appropriate exercise, and improvements in myocardial contractility and conductivity.

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Arrhythmia is caused by what?

Arrhythmia is caused by abnormal excitation of the sinoatrial node or excitation originating outside the sinoatrial node, with slow conduction, blockage, or conduction through abnormal pathways. This results in the frequency and (or) rhythm abnormalities of heartbeats, which are collectively referred to as arrhythmias. Most of the causes include the following: one is genetic arrhythmias, often due to gene channel mutations, such as the commonly seen long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, etc. There are also acquired arrhythmias, seen in various organic heart diseases, including coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, commonly referred to as coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and rheumatic heart disease, particularly prevalent during heart failure or acute myocardial infarction. Arrhythmias are also not uncommon in basically healthy individuals or patients with autonomic dysfunction. Other causes include electrolyte imbalance or endocrine disorders, and sometimes anesthesia, hypothermia, or surgery, such as thoracic or cardiac surgery, or medications, central nervous system diseases may also cause arrhythmias, but the specific reasons are not very clear.

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Is sinus arrhythmia serious?

Sinus arrhythmia is a relatively common type of arrhythmia in clinical practice. It is typically identified through electrocardiogram testing. If no other specific symptoms are present other than sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, or sinus tachycardia, and if there is no structural heart disease, generally, there are no serious concerns. Often, these kinds of arrhythmias are caused by autonomic nervous system dysfunction, leading to an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. To address this irregular heartbeat, it is advisable to rest adequately in daily life and to include some aerobic exercise. Exercise can enhance cardiac contractility and strengthen regular heart function, which can help correct the arrhythmia.