Symptoms of Sinus Arrhythmia

Written by Zhang Yue Mei
Cardiology
Updated on September 21, 2024
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Symptoms of sinus arrhythmia vary according to different causes, including sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus arrest, and sick sinus syndrome. Mild cases of sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, and arrhythmia generally do not present noticeable clinical symptoms. However, severe cases can experience symptoms such as palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Sinus arrest and sick sinus syndrome often present more severe clinical symptoms, including not only shortness of breath but also dizziness, blackouts, fainting, and acute cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.

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Written by Liu Yong
Cardiology
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Is arrhythmia very harmful?

Firstly, arrhythmias, whether supraventricular or ventricular, are harmful to the human body. However, ventricular arrhythmias tend to be more damaging. Supraventricular arrhythmias, including supraventricular tachycardia and atrial tachycardia, generally have a minimal impact on hemodynamics. However, they may still cause symptoms in patients such as palpitations, chest tightness, or even fatigue, a series of discomforting symptoms, but generally do not pose a life-threatening risk. However, ventricular arrhythmias are different, as they can cause disturbances in the body's hemodynamics, leading to ischemia and failure of various organs. Therefore, the harm they cause is significant, and they may even lead to sudden cardiac death. Hence, aggressive treatment and management of ventricular arrhythmias are necessary.

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Does arrhythmia require hospitalization?

Arrhythmia treatment should be determined based on the patient's symptoms, type of arrhythmia, and its impact on hemodynamics. For instance, minor conditions like slight sinus bradycardia, irregular sinus rhythm, occasional atrial premature contractions, and first-degree atrioventricular block, which have minimal impact on hemodynamics and no significant clinical manifestation or structural heart disease, do not necessitate hospitalization. However, more severe arrhythmias such as sick sinus syndrome, rapid atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and sustained ventricular tachycardia, which can cause symptoms like palpitations, chest tightness, dizziness, low blood pressure, sweating, and in severe cases, fainting, Adam-Stokes syndrome, and even sudden cardiac death, require prompt medical attention and hospitalization for treatment.

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Can arrhythmia cause sudden death?

The clinical manifestations of hemodynamic changes caused by arrhythmias mainly depend on the nature, type, cardiac function, and the extent of impact on hemodynamics. Mild conditions such as slight sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, occasional atrial premature contractions, and first-degree atrioventricular block have minimal impact on hemodynamics and therefore do not exhibit significant clinical manifestations, and sudden death is generally not expected. However, more severe arrhythmias, such as sick sinus syndrome, rapid atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and sustained ventricular tachycardia, can lead to palpitations, chest tightness, dizziness, hypotension, and sweating. In severe cases, syncope, Adams-Stokes syndrome, or even sudden death may occur.

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Written by Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
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Is atrial fibrillation a serious arrhythmia?

Atrial fibrillation is a type of cardiac arrhythmia, primarily feared for its potential to form blood clots within the heart. These clots can travel to other organs via the bloodstream, most commonly to the brain. Additionally, pieces of these clots can also travel to coronary arteries causing myocardial infarction, leading to organ embolism wherever they lodge. Generally, if no blood clots are formed, many individuals with atrial fibrillation may not experience symptoms. However, if combined with other cardiac conditions such as heart failure or coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation can exacerbate the risk of developing these heart diseases. Thus, atrial fibrillation on its own is not severe but becomes concerning when associated with other cardiac conditions, increasing the risk of other heart diseases. If atrial fibrillation occurs with left or right accessory pathways, it may also lead to ventricular fibrillation, resulting in sudden death of the patient. Moreover, if the atrial fibrillation has no apparent cause, and the heart structure is normal with no symptoms, then such isolated atrial fibrillation does not typically form blood clots and is considered relatively mild.

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Can arrhythmia be cured?

Arrhythmias come in many types, most of which are curable. Once arrhythmia occurs clinically, an electrocardiogram should be performed as soon as possible to determine the type of arrhythmia. Common arrhythmias can be classified into tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias, and based on the location of occurrence, into supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias. Clinically common are supraventricular arrhythmias, such as sinus tachycardia, junctional tachycardia, along with atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter. These generally do not affect the stability of hemodynamics and are relatively easy to treat. On the other hand, ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and sinus arrest are clinically challenging to cure and require aggressive resuscitation.