What are the symptoms of rheumatic fever?

Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
Updated on September 14, 2024
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In the early stage of rheumatic fever, most patients show signs of infection, such as pharyngitis or tonsillitis. Patients with rheumatic fever often also experience fever, with body temperatures generally ranging from 38 to 40°C. Additionally, there may be migrating arthritis characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, pain, and limited mobility in the joints. Rheumatic fever patients may also suffer from cardiac valve lesions, primarily manifesting as valvulitis, myocarditis, or pericarditis, with damage to the valves being most common. Skin rashes, mainly presenting as ring-shaped erythema or subcutaneous nodules, can also occur. Some patients with rheumatic fever may experience chorea, which are among the primary symptoms of the condition.

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Written by Liu Li Ning
Rheumatology
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Can you drink alcohol with rheumatic fever?

Rheumatic fever should not involve alcohol consumption. Because drinking could potentially trigger a flare-up of rheumatic fever and worsen the symptoms. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Common clinical manifestations include fever, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, joint pain or arthritis, chorea, carditis, and so forth. During the acute phase, the main symptoms are fever and joint pain, which can be treated with penicillin antibiotics to combat infection. Joint pain can be relieved with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as etoricoxib. In cases where carditis occurs during the acute phase, combined treatment with corticosteroids is also required. Regarding diet, it is advisable to eat lightly, and both smoking and drinking alcohol should be avoided.

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Written by Liu Li Ning
Rheumatology
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How to quickly relieve rheumatic fever pain?

Rheumatic fever pain can be treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for rapid pain relief. NSAIDs are the first-line medications for treating rheumatic fever pain. Commonly used ones include diclofenac sodium sustained-release capsules, etoricoxib, meloxicam, or etodolac. These medications may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, so they cannot be used by patients with active peptic ulcers. If there are contraindications to using NSAIDs, pain relief can be achieved with medications such as tramadol or Aconitum alkaloid tablets. If rheumatic fever is accompanied by carditis, treatment with corticosteroids is also necessary. Since the onset of rheumatic fever is related to streptococcal infections, the use of penicillin antibiotics for anti-infection treatment is also recommended.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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Is rheumatic fever prone to recurrence?

Rheumatic fever recurs because it is caused by an infection with Group A streptococcus. If the streptococcus is not completely eradicated, recurrence is likely. Therefore, it is critical for patients with rheumatic fever to undergo a full course of anti-infection treatment initially. The most commonly used treatments are antibiotics such as penicillin and second-generation cephalosporins. Additionally, long-acting benzathine penicillin treatment outside the hospital is necessary to completely eradicate the streptococcus, thereby preventing the recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever. If the streptococcus is well-controlled, the likelihood of recurrence of rheumatic fever will be relatively small.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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Difference between Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatoid Arthritis

The key difference between rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis primarily lies in the fact that patients with rheumatic fever, besides exhibiting symptoms such as joint pain, also develop cardiac and dermatological manifestations. Patients with rheumatic fever may experience mitral stenosis and symptoms like erythema on the skin. Moreover, the examination of antibodies in rheumatic fever patients mainly shows an elevation in anti-streptolysin O antibody. In contrast, patients with rheumatoid arthritis typically display elevated rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies, and anti-AKA antibodies, and they seldom have skin or cardiac manifestations. Therefore, to differentiate rheumatic fever from rheumatoid arthritis, one can test for anti-streptolysin O and rheumatoid factor, and further conduct an echocardiogram to determine any cardiac involvement.

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Written by Liu Li Ning
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Does rheumatic fever cause an increase in body temperature?

Rheumatic fever may lead to increased body temperature; fever is one of the common clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever, primarily associated with streptococcal infections. Other common symptoms of rheumatic fever include joint pain or arthritis, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules, chorea, and carditis. During the acute phase, penicillin antibiotics can be used to treat the infection. At the same time, it is important to rest adequately and consume high-quality protein foods to ensure sufficient nutrition and calories. Foods rich in high-quality protein such as lean meat, milk, and eggs should be consumed appropriately. In addition, symptomatic treatment is also crucial. For arthritis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used, and corticosteroids are necessary for treating carditis.