Subscribe
Viral hepatitis
What are the indicators for viral hepatitis testing?
Viral hepatitis can be confirmed for infection through tests such as hepatitis B "two and a half pairs," hepatitis A antibodies, hepatitis C antibodies, and hepatitis E antibodies. By using the hepatitis B "two and a half pairs" test to look for the hepatitis B surface antigen, if the surface antigen is positive, it indicates infection with the hepatitis B virus. The hepatitis A antibody test primarily assesses for hepatitis A antibody IGM; if this is positive, it suggests an active infection. Through the hepatitis C antibody test, if positive, further testing for hepatitis C virus RNA can be conducted. The hepatitis E antibody test mainly looks at hepatitis E antibody IGM, and the interpretation should be based on the specific circumstances.
Is viral hepatitis transmitted through saliva?
Regarding the question of whether viral hepatitis can be transmitted through saliva, it depends on the actual situation. Some types of viral hepatitis that are transmitted through the fecal-oral route in the digestive tract might also be transmitted through saliva, such as Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E, which are acute viral hepatitis transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Generally, saliva is considered contagious in these cases. However, for Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis D, these types of viral hepatitis are not generally transmitted through the digestive tract, and therefore, saliva is not considered contagious.
How to prevent viral hepatitis
Viral hepatitis is a class of diseases that specifically includes five types: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E. Each type has a different mode of transmission, hence the prevention methods vary for each. Specifically, hepatitis A and E are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, meaning the disease is mainly spread through consuming water and cold foods contaminated with the viruses, and foods that have not been fully cooked, leading to infection. Hepatitis B and C, on the other hand, are mainly transmitted through blood and sexual contact. Prevention of hepatitis B and C involves avoiding contact with blood products from infected individuals and unsafe sexual practices.
How to test for viral hepatitis?
Viral hepatitis is primarily caused by hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. However, its diagnosis is mainly confirmed through blood tests by examining serological results. It is generally difficult to differentiate clinically because conditions like hepatitis A and E have very similar clinical manifestations. Similarly, hepatitis B and C can show similar symptoms during certain stages of the disease. Therefore, the examination of viral hepatitis primarily involves blood tests for serological studies of the hepatitis virus.
What are the manifestations of viral hepatitis?
Firstly, viral hepatitis is a category of diseases, mainly consisting of five types: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E. Hepatitis A and E are primarily acute hepatitis, while Hepatitis B, C, and D, especially Hepatitis B and C, are mainly chronic processes. If there is an acute outbreak, viral hepatitis generally shares some common characteristics such as jaundice, nausea, aversion to oil, fatigue, and some even exhibit fever. To confirm which type of viral hepatitis it is, one can undergo a blood test to screen for a comprehensive hepatitis virus panel.
How is chronic viral hepatitis treated?
Chronic viral hepatitis is most commonly found in chronic hepatitis B and C, both of which have long disease courses and complex treatments, and some cases may even lead to lifelong infection. The key to their treatment actually lies in the timely initiation of standardized antiviral therapy. For hepatitis B, the antiviral treatment mainly includes interferon and nucleoside analogues, while the antiviral treatment for hepatitis C can also use interferon, as well as direct-acting antiviral drugs. The treatment for both diseases involves timely, standardized, and complete courses of antiviral therapy.
Symptoms of viral hepatitis
Viral hepatitis is caused by the infection of the liver by various viruses, leading to inflammatory damage to the liver. The main symptoms are manifestations of liver damage, such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, aversion to oily foods, abdominal distension, pain in the liver area, dark urine, jaundice, changes in liver function, elevated bilirubin, and other symptoms like abdominal bloating.