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Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
About me
With 9 years of clinical experience, currently working as an attending physician in the Department of Infectious Diseases at Ji'an Central People's Hospital. Also a member of the Ji'an Liver Disease Society.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of various infectious diseases such as HIV, HBV with HBsAg positive, HBV with HBeAg positive, rabies, pulmonary tuberculosis, lymph node tuberculosis, fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and HCV.
Voices
How is the rubella virus transmitted?
Rubella virus can be transmitted through airborne respiratory droplets, as well as through common contact between individuals, and can also spread through mother-to-infant contact and vertical transmission from mother to infant. The saliva of rubella patients contains a large number of rubella viruses, and airborne droplets carrying the virus can be produced when talking, coughing, or sneezing. People with low immunity who inhale these droplets can then develop the disease. Rubella is an acute self-limiting disease. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment of the patient's clinical symptoms and blood tests for rubella-specific antibodies. Once a definite diagnosis is made, symptomatic treatment should be administered.
What department should I go to for rubella virus testing?
If testing for rubella virus, it is best to consult the Department of Infectious Diseases or the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. Rubella virus-specific antibody IgM can be detected through blood tests, or the virus can be isolated from the patient's nasopharyngeal secretions. For pregnant women, the presence of the rubella virus in the amniotic fluid can be examined to diagnose whether the fetus has contracted the infection. After rubella virus infection, there are no specific antiviral drugs available; treatment mainly involves symptomatic care. Rubella itself is a self-limiting disease, which usually fully recovers in about two weeks.
Rubella is caused by the rubella virus.
Measles is a contagious disease, mainly caused by infection with the rubella virus. Rubella can be transmitted through the air, droplets, and respiratory paths, and can also be spread by ordinary contact between people. There are large amounts of rubella virus in the saliva of patients with rubella, and when they talk, cough, or sneeze, droplets carrying the virus are produced. People with low immunity who inhale these droplets can become infected. Rubella is an acute self-limiting disease, and currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs available. Many patients can fully recover in about two weeks.
What should be noted in the diagnosis of tuberculosis combined with AIDS?
The diagnosis of tuberculosis in individuals infected with AIDS generally involves examining certain clinical symptoms such as coughing, expectoration, low-grade fever, night sweats, and blood in sputum. Additionally, it requires analysis of specific characteristics in chest imaging, such as tuberculosis lesions identified in chest CT scans that are relatively specific. Microbial tests on sputum, such as sputum culture and acid-fast bacillus smear, are also essential. When necessary, tests for tuberculosis-infected T-cells can be conducted to provide a comprehensive diagnosis. After diagnosing concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis treatment is required.
Is viral hepatitis airborne?
Viral hepatitis cannot be transmitted through the air, and different types of viral hepatitis are transmitted through different routes and have different clinical symptoms. The characteristics of the disease vary; for example, hepatitis A and hepatitis E are primarily transmitted through the digestive tract, via the fecal-oral route. This typically occurs after consuming food or water contaminated with hepatitis A or E virus. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses are mainly transmitted through blood, sexual contact, and from mother to child, with mother-to-child transmission being the most significant route.
Rubella Virus Infection Treatment Methods
Rubella is actually an acute self-limiting disease. There are no specific antiviral drugs after infection with the rubella virus; treatment is primarily symptomatic. Most cases of rubella recover completely within about two weeks. If there is significant fever or severe joint pain, symptomatic treatment can be administered, such as using antipyretics and pain relievers. Generally, hospitalization is not necessary for patients. Rubella is a self-limiting disease and most can recover completely. Generally, it does not recur. After infection, a certain degree of immunity is acquired, but it can still be re-infected in the future. However, symptoms in subsequent infections are usually mild, and many have no symptoms at all.
Can rabies be contagious?
Rabies is contagious and is primarily transmitted through bites from infected dogs, cats, or bats. During the onset of the disease, the saliva of rabid dogs contains a high concentration of the rabies virus. Similarly, the saliva of cats in the onset phase also contains a large amount of the rabies virus. If these rabies viruses enter the human body, there is a significant risk of infection. Currently, transmission of rabies from one person to another is extremely rare; it is mainly transmitted to humans through bites from infected animals during their symptomatic phase.
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is mainly due to the infection of the human body by tuberculosis bacteria, which proliferate massively within the body, destroying the tissues and organs, and producing some blood syndromes related to combined toxins. Symptoms such as low-grade fever, night sweats, blood-stained sputum, and afternoon feverishness are common, and weight loss is also a common occurrence. Different forms of tuberculosis have different clinical symptoms. Tuberculosis can be cured if it is identified early and treated promptly and properly with anti-tuberculosis therapy, allowing many to recover completely.
What indicators are checked for viral hepatitis?
Viral hepatitis requires relevant hepatitis markers, such as hepatitis A antibodies IgG and IgM for hepatitis A, and for hepatitis B, the "hepatitis B two and a half pairs" test is conducted to check for surface antigens. If the surface antigen is positive, it indicates a hepatitis B virus infection; if negative, there is no hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis C is primarily screened through hepatitis C antibodies; if the screening is positive, further testing for hepatitis C virus RNA is needed. Hepatitis E mainly involves testing for hepatitis E antibodies IgG and IgM.
How long is the incubation period for rabies?
The incubation period for rabies is generally about one to three months, and it is rare to exceed one year. Therefore, if more than three months have passed since being bitten by a dog without showing symptoms, it is largely possible to rule out rabies. Rabies is a fatal disease, with a 100% death rate once infected, mainly because the infection occurs after being bitten by rabid dogs, cats, or bats and not receiving the rabies vaccine. Rabies can only be prevented, so if there is exposure to the rabies virus, it is necessary to get vaccinated against rabies.