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Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
About me
Graduated from the 7-year program in Clinical Medicine at Shandong University School of Medicine.
Proficient in diseases
Common obstetric diseases and various difficult miscellaneous diseases. For example, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal abnormalities, placental implantation, complications of twin pregnancies, gynecologic malignant tumors. Working at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, a national key discipline.
Voices
How many months will it take for a threatened miscarriage to stabilize?
Threatened miscarriage refers to the situation where abdominal pain and bleeding occur during pregnancy due to instability of the gestational sac or fetus. Most threatened miscarriages occur in the early stages of pregnancy, hence, the likelihood of experiencing threatened miscarriages during the mid or late stages of pregnancy is relatively low. Most threatened miscarriages stabilize after the first three months of pregnancy, which is approximately 12 weeks. By this time, the fetus has moved from the pelvic cavity into the abdominal cavity, and the placenta has formed. With the support of the placenta, the fetus can grow more stably. In early pregnancy, the instability of the gestational sac makes it susceptible to external influences, which can easily lead to threatened or even spontaneous miscarriage.
How to relieve hemorrhoids in pregnant women
During pregnancy, due to the enlargement of the uterus, pressure on the pelvic cavity can hinder the return flow of blood in the pelvic veins, which can lead to the occurrence of hemorrhoids in pregnant women or aggravate existing hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids in pregnant women can be alleviated through the following methods: First, pay attention to diet adjustment, eat more vegetables and dietary fibers, which can soften the stool and reduce irritation to the hemorrhoids. Also, it is important to avoid spicy and irritating food, as it can stimulate hemorrhoids and cause bleeding. Second, if the hemorrhoids are quite severe, local hot compresses can be applied to promote local blood flow and relieve pain. Third, if the hemorrhoids are indeed severe, traditional Chinese medicine can be used for treatment during pregnancy. The local use of traditional Chinese medicine during pregnancy will not affect the fetus.
Intercourse during a threatened miscarriage can have what effect?
Threatened miscarriage refers to the symptoms indicating an impending miscarriage, often characterized by significant lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. During a threatened miscarriage, intense activities should be avoided, appropriate rest is necessary, and sexual intercourse should also be avoided. Engaging in sexual intercourse during a threatened miscarriage can cause the following harms: First, intercourse can stimulate the uterus, causing lower abdominal pain, which can lead to uterine contractions. These contractions can stimulate the gestational sac, and in severe cases, can trigger a spontaneous miscarriage. Second, sexual activity can stimulate the vagina and alter the vaginal flora, which sometimes can lead to vaginitis. Vaginitis can spread through the cervix into the uterine cavity, sometimes causing endometritis, affecting the development of the gestational sac and in severe cases can also lead to a spontaneous miscarriage. Therefore, it is crucial not to engage in sexual intercourse when symptoms of a threatened miscarriage appear.
Does a natural miscarriage require a uterine curettage?
A natural miscarriage refers to the spontaneous expulsion of the gestational sac from within the uterine cavity, in contrast to a miscarriage induced through medical intervention. A natural miscarriage is not the same as a complete miscarriage, which occurs when the gestational sac is completely expelled from the uterus without any remnants. Whether a natural miscarriage is complete is typically determined about a week after the event by a follow-up ultrasound. If the uterine cavity has no remnants or only minimal fluid accumulation, the miscarriage is considered complete, and usually, no surgical cleaning of the uterus is required. However, if the ultrasound after a natural miscarriage reveals substantial remnants within the uterine cavity, this indicates an incomplete miscarriage, and surgical cleaning of the uterus is generally necessary.
Symptoms of Hypertension in Pregnant Women
During pregnancy, if a pregnant woman develops high blood pressure, initially there are no symptoms, because at the beginning the blood pressure just slightly exceeds 140/90mmHg. If the high blood pressure is only temporary, it generally does not affect the woman's body and therefore, she may not experience any symptoms. As the condition progresses, the symptoms of high blood pressure can cause physical harm to the woman, likely damaging the kidneys and causing proteinuria. The loss of protein can lead to edema in women, and as a result, many women's initial symptoms will appear as generalized swelling, which does not improve with rest. By measuring blood pressure and urinary protein, symptoms of hypertension in pregnant women can be detected. In the later stages of the disease, hypertension may sometimes be accompanied by dizziness, indigestion, and mild pain in the lower abdomen, which are all symptoms of hypertension in pregnant women.
What to do about dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis?
There are two types of dysmenorrhea, primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. An important cause of secondary dysmenorrhea is endometriosis. The dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis comes from specific diseases, and the interventions include the following aspects: First, symptomatic treatment should be conducted first, which means using pain relief medication to alleviate the pain. In clinical practice, various pain relief medications can be used for dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis. Second, treatment should be aimed at the cause of the dysmenorrhea. Treatment for endometriosis currently includes both medicinal and surgical approaches. If surgical treatment is chosen, it can involve the removal of ectopic cysts or pelvic ectopic cysts, among other conditions; if medicinal treatment is chosen, methods such as pseudopregnancy or artificial menopause can be used.
Can threatened miscarriage be treated with medical abortion?
Threatened miscarriage only indicates signs of a potential miscarriage and does not necessarily result in a spontaneous miscarriage. During a threatened miscarriage, medication can be used to preserve the embryo. If one does not wish to continue the pregnancy upon signs of a threatened miscarriage, intervention can be managed like a normal miscarriage. In early pregnancy, if one chooses to have an abortion, there are two methods available: medical abortion and surgical abortion, which are not significantly different from each other. For the majority of typical women, medical abortion is an option during a threatened miscarriage, though it is notably painful and can be prolonged. Patients must be clearly informed about the specific procedures and drawbacks. Surgical abortion, on the other hand, tends to be simpler and less painful.
Can an arrested embryo be expelled naturally?
Embryonic arrest, also known as missed miscarriage, refers to the restriction of growth and development of the gestational sac in early pregnancy due to various factors, with no fetal heartbeat detected on an ultrasound at 9 weeks of pregnancy. When embryonic arrest occurs, a natural miscarriage may happen, but it's also possible that a natural miscarriage won't occur. Once embryonic arrest is confirmed, waiting for a natural miscarriage isn't advisable, as it is unpredictable and sometimes there might be no signs of miscarriage for a long time. Unrestricted waiting in such cases can harm a woman's body. Therefore, once embryonic arrest is diagnosed, hospitalization should be promptly sought, and artificial intervention methods such as surgical or medical abortion should be considered. While there is a possibility that the embryo could be expelled naturally, the likelihood is relatively low.
What should I do about endometrial polyps?
Endometrial polyps are a common condition in women, with many experiencing them. The treatment for endometrial polyps discovered during an ultrasound primarily depends on the size of the polyps and whether they cause clinical symptoms. Firstly, if the endometrial polyp is relatively small, less than 5mm, and does not cause significant clinical symptoms, it may not require intervention and can be monitored with regular check-ups. Secondly, if the endometrial polyp is larger than 1cm or causes a significant increase in menstrual flow, hysteroscopic surgery should be performed to excise the polyp.
Is embryonic arrest related to diet?
Embryo arrest, also known as missed miscarriage, refers to the absence of a fetal heartbeat in the early stages of pregnancy due to various factors affecting the gestational sac. Typically, if no fetal heartbeat and embryo are detected during an ultrasound at about 8 to 9 weeks of pregnancy, it can be diagnosed as embryo arrest. Currently, there are many reasons for embryo arrest in clinical practice, but many pregnant women look for causes in their daily life, such as diet and exercise. However, these factors are largely unrelated to embryo arrest. While diet plays a very important role in human health, the growth and development of an embryo are mainly influenced by its own genetic material, endocrine, and coagulation factors, which are generally unrelated to diet. Therefore, when embryo arrest occurs, one should not look for reasons in diet or other daily life factors; instead, it is advisable to undergo targeted medical examinations to determine the specific cause.