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Li Mao Cai
Otolaryngology
About me
With over 10 years of experience in clinical otolaryngology, I have accumulated a certain amount of expertise in diagnosing and treating diseases in this specialty. I have a professional perspective on understanding health issues, believing that prevention is better than cure. Therefore, on online platforms, while addressing the concerns of those seeking advice, I am more willing to provide some popular science knowledge on disease prevention. Those in need are welcome to consult.
Proficient in diseases
Allergic rhinitis, pharyngitis, chronic pharyngitis, sinusitis, nasal polyps, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma, vocal cord polyps, adenoid hypertrophy, chronic tonsillitis, snoring, tinnitus, thyroid nodules, otitis media, etc.
Voices
Conservative treatment methods for vocal cord nodules
Conservative treatment methods for vocal cord nodules mainly include voice rest and medication support. The underlying cause of vocal cord nodules is fairly clear, often due to excessive talking or improper voicing, and is commonly seen in individuals who speak frequently, such as teachers, salespeople, singers, etc. Therefore, treatment targeting the cause involves speaking less and ensuring voice rest, which should be maintained for about 2-4 weeks. The better the implementation of voice rest, the quicker the recovery. During voice rest, it is also important to have a light diet, avoid spicy and stimulating foods, and steer clear of environments with smoke and alcohol. Additionally, nebulized inhalation therapy and some traditional Chinese medicines can be used to support treatment effectiveness. Commonly used medications for nebulization include Budesonide, and typical traditional Chinese medicines include Jin Sou San Jie Wan and Jin Sou Qing Yin Wan.
How to treat nasal polyps?
The treatment of nasal polyps mainly centers on surgical intervention as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy, due to the variety of causes and factors leading to the condition. Moreover, some nasal polyps are prone to recurrence. The first choice is surgical treatment, which involves thoroughly clearing the nasal polyps and then addressing any anatomical and inflammatory factors that may cause them. For example, correcting a deviated nasal septum, opening the sinuses, and relieving chronic sinus inflammation. Postoperatively, it is crucial to actively provide hormonal treatment, including nasal and oral steroids, tailored to the individual's needs. Concurrently, it is important to maintain nasal irrigation and regular follow-up cleanings. Postoperative pathological results help assess the likelihood of recurrence, and for types prone to recurrence, intensified follow-up measures are necessary.
How to completely treat nasal polyps?
A thorough treatment for nasal polyps is surgical treatment; this includes a combination of post-surgical medication and regular follow-up examinations for a comprehensive treatment. First, it is important to identify the cause of the nasal polyps, which often stem from chronic inflammation in the nasal cavity or sinuses leading to mucosal polypoid changes and consequently, nasal polyps. For instance, common conditions like allergic rhinitis can also lead to nasal polyps over time. After removing the polyps through surgery, it is necessary to treat allergies as well, because without managing the allergies, the polyps might recur quickly. Additionally, after the surgery, it's important to conduct a pathological examination to check if there is an increase in eosinophil count; with more than 27% increase, the chance of recurrence is quite high. According to some reports, eosinophilic type nasal polyps have a recurrence rate of up to 90%. Therefore, regular postoperative reviews and cleanings are essential to prevent recurrence and are key to achieving a cure.
How should adenoid hypertrophy be treated?
The main factors to consider are the extent of the enlargement and the associated clinical manifestations. If the enlargement is mild and does not cause significant nasal congestion, snoring, sleep apnea, or waking up due to breath-holding, conservative treatment can be used. The common medications for conservative treatment include nasal sprays and nasal steroids. If the adenoid enlargement affects breathing function, leading to poor sleep, snoring, breath-holding, or even waking up due to breath-holding, aggressive surgical treatment is required. Surgical treatment involves removing the enlarged adenoids to ensure a clear nasopharynx and bilateral posterior nasal openings, thereby ensuring proper breathing function and alleviating related secondary diseases.
Do nasal polyps have any harm?
Nasal polyps are abnormal tissue structures and pathological in nature, thus posing several risks to human health. Firstly, they obstruct nasal airflow because nasal polyps block the normal respiratory and ventilation passages, causing the primary sensation of nasal congestion and difficulty in breathing through the nose. Secondly, they impair the sense of smell. Nasal polyps obstruct the nasal cavity, preventing odors from smoothly reaching the olfactory area, leading to diminished olfactory perception. Thirdly, if the nasal polyps persist for too long and grow excessively large, they can result in acute changes in the nose, the most common being a "frog-like nose." This condition makes the nose appear flattened and broad like a frog's, lying against the face which is cosmetically unappealing.
Can a deviated nasal septum be corrected?
Deviations in the nasal septum can be corrected through endoscopic septoplasty, which is a minimally invasive procedure using an endoscope. The aim of the surgery is to remove or correct the deviated part of the nasal septum's cartilage or bone, achieving proper alignment. Some cases of nasal septum deviation may also involve the formation of spurs, so there is a possibility of damaging the mucosa of the nasal septum during the surgery. This could result in complications such as a septal perforation or a tear in the mucosa on one side of the nose. In such cases, repositioning the mucosa or repairing the perforation generally yields good results in correcting the deviation and restoring normal nasal function.
Causes of vocal cord polyps
Vocal cord polyps are a common condition in otolaryngology, with the main causes as follows: First, talking a lot. Here, talking a lot refers to normal speaking due to work or lifestyle reasons. Being in a work environment that requires extended periods of talking can lead to the development of vocal cord polyps over time. Second, improper voicing. Some people speak very hurriedly and tend to shout loudly; such habits over a prolonged period can lead to swelling of the vocal cord mucosa, which further develops into vocal cord polyps. Third, smoking. Patients who smoke heavily and for long periods can also develop vocal cord polyps, often compounded by speaking a lot while smoking, making it one of the most common causes of vocal cord polyps. Fourth, working or living in environments with significant pollution, drinking less water, and exposure to lots of dust are also common reasons.
What should I do if conservative treatment for vocal cord nodules is not effective?
Vocal cord nodules are nodular lesions located at the anterior-middle third of both vocal cords, primarily caused by excessive speaking and incorrect pronunciation, commonly seen in individuals who overuse their voice. The main treatment approach begins with conservative management, which crucially requires voice rest as a fundamental condition, supplemented by medication. Common medications include nebulized inhalation therapy and some traditional Chinese medicines. If conservative treatment fails to achieve satisfactory results after six months, surgical intervention should be proactively considered rather than continuing observation. Prolonged vocal cord nodules, if not effectively managed conservatively, could potentially develop into vocal cord polyps, exacerbating the condition, thus necessitating surgical treatment. Therefore, if conservative treatment proves ineffective over six months, it is advisable to opt for early surgical intervention, which involves less trauma and yields better recovery.
Adenoid hypertrophy is caused by what?
Adenoid hypertrophy can be divided into physiological and pathological hypertrophy. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal part of everyone's development. It begins at the age of three, peaks at about seven, and gradually shrinks around the age of ten. Pathological hypertrophy, on the other hand, often occurs on the basis of physiological hypertrophy, followed by inflammatory stimuli. Factors such as viral infections, colds, and allergic reactions are the main causes of pathological adenoid hypertrophy. This type of hypertrophy can lead to poor respiratory function, symptoms such as snoring during sleep, nasal congestion, and a runny nose. If the enlarged adenoids block the Eustachian tube, it can also lead to secretory otitis media.
Do you need to be hospitalized for nasal polyp surgery?
The surgery for nasal polyps is performed under general anesthesia using endoscopic techniques to excise the polyps. The procedure places high demands on the patient's overall health, but typically yields good results. As such, hospitalization is required for nasal polyp surgery, as it often involves additional procedures such as sinus opening and correction of a deviated nasal septum. Nasal polyps are generally caused by sinusitis, rhinitis, or chronic inflammation over a long period of time. Simply removing the nasal polyps may lead to recurrence. In order to thoroughly treat nasal polyps, and address chronic inflammation, sinus issues, and anatomical abnormalities such as a deviated nasal septum, specific treatments are required during surgery. This not only effectively eradicates the nasal polyps but also helps prevent their recurrence. Therefore, hospitalization is required for this type of surgery.