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Liu Huan Huan
General Surgery
About me
2001-2006 Anhui Medical University, Bachelor's Degree.
2006-2009 Capital Medical University, Master's Degree.
Proficient in diseases
Engaged in general surgery clinical work for 10 years, with a relatively rich experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases within the scope of general surgery, such as acute appendicitis, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas diseases, including gallstones and cholecystitis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, breast diseases, gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal tumors, etc. Particularly experienced in minimally invasive surgery, with abundant experience in various surgeries under laparoscopy, such as laparoscopic appendectomy, cholecystectomy, laparoscopic exploration, etc. Additionally, familiar with various types of trauma.
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Does tetanus require a skin test?
After a patient is injured, if the wound is relatively deep, such as reaching the subcutaneous fat or deeper to the muscles, it is generally required to administer a tetanus shot. The most commonly used tetanus remedy in clinical practice is called tetanus antitoxin. Before administering tetanus antitoxin, a skin test must be conducted. This is because if an allergic reaction to tetanus antitoxin occurs, it can lead to anaphylactic shock, characterized by increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, reduced blood oxygen saturation, with severe cases resulting in coma or even death. Therefore, it is clinically required to perform a skin test before administering a tetanus shot to prevent allergic reactions and the occurrence of anaphylactic shock.
How long does the tetanus skin test take?
If a patient is injured and the injury is relatively deep, it is recommended to visit the hospital to receive a tetanus antitoxin injection to prevent tetanus infection. Before injecting the tetanus antitoxin, a skin test must be conducted to prevent allergic reactions, including severe complications such as anaphylactic shock. A common method for the skin test is to dilute 0.1ml of tetanus antitoxin in 0.9ml of saline to make a solution and take 0.05ml of it for a skin prick test on the forearm. The observation time for this test is generally 30 minutes, to monitor for any positive reactions at the site of the test.
After getting a tetanus shot, what should one pay attention to?
In clinical settings, the tetanus vaccine is called tetanus antitoxin. Tetanus antitoxin is prone to allergies. After administering tetanus antitoxin, it is necessary to observe the patient for 30 minutes to check for any allergic reactions, such as breath-holding, chest tightness, or the appearance of a rash on the skin at the injection site. Furthermore, if the patient does not exhibit the aforementioned symptoms, care must also be taken with their diet after receiving the tetanus vaccine. It is important to advise the patient not to consume alcohol, to eat light foods, to drink plenty of water, and to eat foods high in fiber, vitamins, and protein. The patient should avoid seafood and similar items.
How to stop bleeding from hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are very common in clinical settings. Their main clinical manifestations are rectal bleeding and the prolapse of anal lumps. When a patient experiences rectal bleeding, the first step is to instruct the patient to maintain a light diet, avoiding spicy, greasy, irritating, and hard foods. Hemostasis can be achieved through some oral medications. Secondly, local compression with gauze can be used for hemostasis. Third, topical applications of hemorrhoid ointments can also be used for hemostasis. Finally, if the above treatments are ineffective, surgical methods can be used for hemostasis. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Is tetanus shot a vaccine?
Tetanus shots are not vaccines; they are a type of passive immunization. To understand this, we need to know about the pathogenesis of tetanus. Tetanus infection generally refers to an infection by Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic bacterium that proliferates and grows in wounds and can produce exotoxins, leading to corresponding clinical symptoms in patients. Therefore, tetanus shots include tetanus antitoxin and tetanus immunoglobulin. Their main function is to neutralize the bacterial exotoxins, hence they are considered passive immunization agents and belong to the antibody category, not vaccines.
Symptoms of lipoma
Lipomas are common in clinical settings and often occur on the limbs and trunk. Lipomas are benign tumors, and their clinical manifestations are primarily subcutaneous, presenting as a flat, irregular, or lobulated mass. The surface of these masses does not show redness or rupture, and they can generally be moved. Lipomas have a firm or soft texture. These are the most typical clinical manifestations of lipomas. Some patients may experience localized discomfort, and surgery can be performed to remove the lipoma after it has developed.
Can you get a tetanus shot when you have a cold?
The patient is in a state of having a cold. During this time, if a part of the body is injured and the wound is deep, there is a possibility of infection by tetanus bacillus, which can cause corresponding clinical symptoms. This is because the deep wound facilitates the growth and reproduction of tetanus bacillus, producing exotoxins, mainly the spasm toxin, which can cause the patient to exhibit symptoms related to tetanus. Therefore, even if the patient has a cold, it is advised to seek timely medical treatment at a hospital for wound disinfection and to receive a tetanus antitoxin injection. Having a cold is not a contraindication for receiving a tetanus shot.
Can I get a tetanus shot in the evening?
If a patient has a relatively deep wound, such as reaching the subcutaneous fat layer or even more severely, the muscle layer, it is important to prevent tetanus infection. It is advised that the patient must come to the hospital for a tetanus antitoxin injection into the muscle. After an injury, the sooner the tetanus antitoxin is injected, the better, as delays can affect the effectiveness of the antitoxin. Therefore, tetanus antitoxin can also be administered at night. Generally, one should go to the emergency surgery department of the hospital for the injection, as the emergency surgery department is on duty 24 hours a day, so it is possible to receive the tetanus shot at night.
Is tetanus administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously?
Tetanus is widely used clinically and is known as tetanus antitoxin, intended solely to prevent the clinical symptoms caused by infection with Clostridium tetani. Therefore, a skin test must be conducted before administering tetanus injections. The common skin test involves creating a skin wheal intradermally; if the skin test is negative, one can proceed with the tetanus antitoxin injection. The injection can be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. For example, the common sites include the deltoid attachment area on the upper arm for subcutaneous injections, and the deltoid or the lateral part of the buttock for intramuscular injections, among others. These are the injection sites for tetanus.
What should I do if my lipoma hurts?
Lipomas are relatively common in clinical settings and are benign tumors on the body surface, often found on the limbs and trunk. Generally, they don't cause obvious clinical symptoms except for the appearance of a lump under the skin. The lump is usually flat, and the skin surface remains intact, though this is not absolute. Some patients may experience pain in the lipoma, particularly when lipomas appear symmetrically on the limbs, causing localized pain. In such cases, surgical treatment is recommended, which can be performed under local anesthesia to remove the lipoma and alleviate the pain.